COMING UP ON "CYCLE OF HEALTH."

OUR PANEL TAKES A LOOK AT SLEEP AND WHY WE ARE ALL NOT GETTING ENOUGH OF IT.

WHAT IS HAPPENING TO OUR BODIES WHEN WE DON'T, AND HOW DO WE FIX IT?

THEN, WE LEARN MORE ABOUT WHAT GOES INTO GETTING A SLEEP STUDY.

AND ON THE NEXT MEDICAL STUDENT MINUTE, SHERVIN RAZAVI EXPLAINS HOW SLEEP PLAYS A ROLE IN REDUCING ALZHEIMER'S RISK.

THAT'S COMING UP ON "CYCLE OF HEALTH."

DON'T GO ANYWHERE.

THIS PROGRAM IS BROUGHT TO YOU BY THE MEMBERS OF WCNY.

THANK YOU.

>> CANCER, IT'S NOT JUST A DIAGNOSIS.

IT'S A COMPLEX OPPONENT, ONE THAT CAN ALTER THE COURSE OF YOUR LIFE, EVERY MOVE, EVERY DECISION HOLDS TREMENDOUS WEIGHT.

ST.

JOSEPH'S HEALTH HAS PARTNERED WITH ROSWELL PARK, THE REGION'S ONLY DESIGNATED COMPREHENSIVE CANCER CENTER TO OFFER YOU ACCESS TO PERSONALIZED THERAPIES AND LEADING ONCOLOGISTS RIGHT IN OUR COMMUNITY.

AMONG THE MANY MOVES YOU CAN MAKE, THIS ONE HOLDS THE POWER TO CHANGE YOUR LIFE FOR THE BETTER.

♪ ♪ HELLO AND WELCOME TO "CYCLE OF HEALTH."

I'M YOUR HOST Dr.

RICH O'NEILL.

WELL, DEAR TUNE ERINERS, THE BIGGEST TECHY DISRUPTER OF ALL?

ELON, ZUCKERBERG, JOBS IN NAH.

100 PLUS YEARS AGO WITH THE FLICK OF A SWITCH, THOMAS EDISON TURNED NIGHT INTO DAY WITH HIS LIGHT BULB, AND MESSED UP OUR SLEEPING EVER SINCE.

TALKING WITH US TODAY ABOUT ALL THINGS SNOOZER LAND ARE Dr.

JASON CARBONE, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF PUBLIC HEALTH AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AT SUNY UPSTATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY.

AND Dr.

KATIE KIDWELL, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF PSYCHOLOGY AT SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY.

AND Dr.

ZAFER SOULTAN, DIRECTOR OF UPSTATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY SLEEP CENTER.

WELL, FELLOW SLEEPY HEADS, IN EDISON'S DAY, WE HUMAN BEINGS GOT AN AVERAGE OF NINE TO 10 HOURS OF SLEEP A NIGHT.

HOW MUCH DO WE NEED?

>> IT CHANGES ACROSS DEVELOPMENT.

SO NEWBORNS COULD SLEEP UP TO 20 HOURS IN A DAY.

>> 20 HOURS?

WHOA.

>> AS THEY GREET TO BE A LITTLE BIT OLDER INFANTS, WE ARE LOOKING AT 15 TO 17 HOURS OF SLEEP.

OUR PRESCHOOLERS NEED 12 HOURS OF SLEEP.

SCHOOL AGED CHILDREN, 6-12 YEAR OLDS NEED 10 HOURS OF SLEEP AND FOR OUR TEENAGERS, WE REALLY WANT THEM TO AIM FOR AT LEAST 8 HOURS OF SLEEP A NIGHT.

>> CAN I BE A TEENAGER AND GET EIGHT HOURS EVERY ONCE IN A WHILE?

THAT WOULD BE WONDERFUL.

>> IT WOULD BE WONDERFUL.

THEY ALSO ARE NOT GETTING THE EIGHT HOURS OF SLEEP.

>> WE ARE GOING TO TALK ABOUT THAT, I HAVE A FEELING.

>> ADULTS NEED SEVEN HOURS GIVE OR TAKE A NIGHT.

>> AND OLDER ADULTS?

>> SAME ANSWER.

SEVEN HOURS OF SLEEP.

>> WHAT DOES RESEARCH SHOW ABOUT THIS?

I THINK JASON, THIS IS SORT OF YOUR AREA, RIGHT?

>> SO, I MEAN, THE TAKE AWAY REALLY IS THAT SLEEP IS VERY IMPORTANT.

SO I LIKE TO SAY THAT I'M SORT OF AN ACCIDENTAL SLEEP RESEARCHER BECAUSE MY RESEARCH FOCUSES ON CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO STRESS AND HOW THAT-- >> CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO STRESS AND THAT IS SOMEHOW RELATED TO SLEEP.

>> CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO STRESS IS RELATED TO OUR PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTION AND DYSFUNCTION AND YOU CANNOT LOOK THAT WITHOUT THINKING ABOUT SLEEP.

SO THOSE STRESS BIO MARKERS CAN CHANGE AS A RESULT OF NOT ENOUGH SLEEP AND THAT CAN LEAD TO NEGATIVE HEALTH OUTCOME, PARTICULARLY MENTAL HEALTH OUTCOMES SUCH AS DEPRESSION.

>> YOU LOOK AT THAT, THE RELATIONSHIP OF SLEEP AND DEPRESSION?

>> YES.

AND THAT'S SOMETHING PEOPLE DON'T OFTEN THINK ABOUT.

THEY THINK ABOUT HOW SLEEP IMPACTS THEM PHYSICALLY BUT THEY DON'T ALWAYS CONSIDER THEIR MENTAL IMPACTS, THE EMOTIONAL IMPACT, THE MENTAL HEALTH IMPACTS AND SLEEP IS REALLY, REALLY IMPORTANT FOR GOOD MENTAL HEALTH.

>> I KNOW-- I ABSOLUTELY FEEL EMOTIONALLY MS.

RABBLE IF I DON'T GET ENOUGH SLEEP.

I MEAN WHAT ABOUT KIDS YOU WORK WITH KIDS?

>> KIDS WHO ARE SLEEP DEPRIVED FOR ANY REASON, THEY DON'T PERFORM WELL IN SCHOOL; FOR EXAMPLE, ONE OF THE REASONS TO BE SLEEP DEPRIVED, IF YOU CAN'T BREATHE WELL WHILE ASLEEP.

SO A STUDY JUST TO PROVE IT, ALTHOUGH IT'S OBVIOUS, THAT WHEN YOU-- WHEN THEY TREATED THE BREATHING PROBLEM AND KIDS SLEPT BETTER, THEIR GRADES IMPROVED.

>> GRADES IMPROVED.

TREAT THE SLEEP APNEA, I THINK YOU TOLD ME BEFORE.

>> WHICH IS A CAUSE OF POOR SLEEP.

SO NOT JUST EMOTIONAL FUNCTION, BUT ALSO THE COGNITIVE FUNCTION OF A HUMAN WHICH WE OBVIOUSLY FEEL IT AND SAY I'M GROGGY, I'M TIRED.

KIDS, ON THE OTHER HAND, EITHER THEY DON'T PERFORM IN SCHOOL OR THEY DO AND ALSO THEY ARE, INSTEAD OF BEING TIRED, THEY EXHIBIT HYPERACTIVITY.

WHEN THEY ARE SLEEP DEPRIVED.

>> AND THEY'RE VERY CRANKY.

>> FIDGETY AND CRANKY AND THEY DON'T PAY ATTENTION.

>> KATIE, YOU MENTIONED TO ME BEFORE THE SHOW THAT SLEEP IS A REGULATOR OF OTHER HEALTH BEHAVIORS.

TELL US ABOUT THAT.

>> SLEEP IS IMPORTANT FOR OUR BRAINS, OUR BODIES, OUR BEHAVIORS.

WHAT I SEE IN MY RESEARCH IS THAT WHEN PEOPLE ARE NOT SLEEPING WELL, THEY HAVE MORE FOOD CRAVINGS, USUALLY FOR HIGH SUGAR HIGH SALT PROCESSED FOODS.

THEY ALSO HAVE MORE EMOTIONAL EATING.

THAT'S EATING WHEN WE ARE BORED OR STRESSED.

THE REWARD CENTER IN OUR BRAIN, WHEN WE ARE SLEEP DEPRIVED REALLY LIGHT UP AND ARE RESPONSIVE TO HIGH SUGAR, HIGHLY PROCESSED FOODS, MORE SO THAN WHEN WE GET ENOUGH SLEEP.

>> THAT IS REALLY TRUE FOR ME.

I NOTICE THAT WHEN I DON'T GET ENOUGH SLEEP, I REALLY WANT THE CHOCOLATE OR THE, YOU KNOW, SOME STUFF LIKE THAT.

YEAH.

>> EXACTLY.

>> SO THAT'S ACTUALLY LINKED TO BRAIN STUFF GOING ON.

>> AND THE OTHER PART OF THE BRAIN THAT IS IMPORTANT, THE PART THAT HELPS WITH OUR DECISION MAKING IS IMPAIRED WHEN WE ARE SLEEP DEPRIVED SO IT'S HARDER TO MAKE GOOD DECISIONS FOR HEALTHY BEHAVIORS.

>> PEOPLE SOMETIMES SAY WHEN YOU ARE SLEEP DEPRIVED, YOU FUNCTION ESSENTIALLY LIKE YOU ARE DRUNK.

>> EXACTLY.

>> SO YOU REALLY ARE IMPAIRED.

YEAH.

>> YES.

>> SO PLENTY OF BAD THINGS HAPPEN IF YOU ARE SLEEP DEPRIVED.

IS IT RELATED TO WEIGHT GAIN, TOO?

>> IT'S RELATED TO WEIGHT GAIN.

WE SEE HEALTH BEHAVIORS CLUSTER TOGETHER.

PEOPLE WHO ARE NOT SLEEPING WELL ARE ALSO NOT HAVING ENOUGH PHYSICAL ACTIVITY.

THEY'RE SPENDING MORE TIME ON THEIR PHONE AND IN SCREEN TIME.

>> WHAT CAUSES US TO SLEEP DEPRIVE OURSELVES?

>> THE WAY I SEE IT IN THE POPULATION I TAKE CARE OF IS JUST LACK OF UNDERSTANDING OF THE IMPORTANCE OF SLEEP AND PAYING ATTENTION TO WHAT IS NEEDED TO GET ENOUGH SLEEP.

KIDS, EVEN ADULT, EVEN ADOLESCENTS, SOMETIMES THEY FEEL SLEEP IS NOT IMPORTANT.

>> KIDS NEVER WANT TO GO TO SLEEP.

>> THEY KIND OF SAY I CAN FUNCTION.

I FUNCTION WITH FOUR HOURS.

THEY DON'T REALIZE THAT IF YOU PUT THEM UNDER THE MICROSCOPE, THEY DO HAVE WHAT WE MENTION, THE RECKLESS BEHAVIOR, THE WRONG DECISIONS, SLEEPING ON THE WHEEL FOR OTHER LESSONS AND POOR GRADE.

ONE OF THE IMPORTANT REASONS IN GENERAL IS LACK OF UNDERSTANDING OF THE IMPORTANCE OF SLEEP.

BUT THERE ARE OTHER ISSUES.

THERE ARE SOMETIMES INHERENT PROBLEM OF BEING KIND OF HYPERAROUSAL AND YOU DON'T GET ENOUGH SLEEP.

WE'LL TALK MAYBE LATER ABOUT HEALTH ISSUES WHICH MAKE YOU NOT SLEEP WELL.

AND SOMETIMES JUST INSOMNIA FOR NO REASON COMES OUT OF NOWHERE, WHERE INDIVIDUAL HAS A HARD TIME FALL AGO SLEEP.

>> YOU ARE NOD AGO LONG THERE, KATIE.

WHAT ARE YOU... >> I WAS THINKING ABOUT SCREEN TIME.

I MOSTLY WORK WITH TEENAGERS, BUT I THINK IT AFFECTS CHILDREN, TEENAGERS, ADULTS, PEOPLE ARE SCROLLING ON THEIR PHONES AT NIGHT INSTEAD OF TRYING TO FALL ASLEEP.

SO THAT SCREEN TIME IN BED, I THINK, IS A REALLY BIG PROBLEM.

THE GAMES WE ARE PLAYING, THE CONTENT WE ARE CONSUMING IS HIGHLY ENGAGING.

IT'S KEEPING OUR BRAINS AWAKE.

>> IT'S DESIGNED TO KEEP US GLUED TO THE PHONE.

ACTUALLY DESIGN IT SO YOU NEVER PUT IT DOWN.

>> YEAH.

>> YES.

PAIRED WITH THAT IS THE BLUE LIGHT THAT COMES THROUGH OUR SCREENS THAT CAN SHIFT OUR INTERNAL BODY CLOCK OUR CIRCADIAN RHYTHM LATER.

IT MIMICS THE SUN.

OUR BODIES THINK IT'S TIME TO BE AWAKE.

>> TIME TO GET UP RATHER THAN TIME TO GO TO SLEEP.

YOU REALLY WANT TO GET RID OF THE SCREEN.

YOU REMINDED ME OF A STUDY I SAW FIVE OR 10 YEARS AGO THAT KIDS WHO HAVE A TV IN THEIR BEDROOM, WERE MUCH MORE LIKELY TO BE OBESE.

THEY DIDN'T GET ENOUGH SLEEP AND WE KNOW SLEEP IS LINKED TO OBESITY, LACK OF SLEEP.

>> AND I THINK THAT LINKS INTO OTHER HEALTH BEHAVIORS THAT ARE IMPORTANT.

SO I KNOW WE TALKED BEFORE A LITTLE BIT ABOUT CAFFEINE AND THE IMPACT OF CAFFEINE ON SLEEP HEALTH.

AND YOU KNOW, MOST PEOPLE DON'T REALIZE OFTEN TIMES HOW MUCH CAFFEINE THEY'RE ACTUALLY CONSUMING IN A GIVEN DAY, AND THEY DON'T REALIZE THAT EVEN AFTER THAT INITIAL BUZZ OR JOLT THAT THEY GET FROM THE CAFFEINE THAT IT STAYS IN THEIR SYSTEM.

SO THE RECOMMENDATION IS THAT YOU DON'T CONSUME CAFFEINE EIGHT HOURS BEFORE YOU GO TO BED.

>> EIGHT HOURS?

>> WHICH IS A LONG TIME FOR SOME PEOPLE.

>> THAT IS REALLY TRUE FOR ME.

THE FIRST TIME I HAD A CUP OF COFFEE-- I DON'T DRINK COFFEE TYPICALLY.

THE FIRST TIME I HAD A CUP OF COFFEE WHEN I WAS RUNNING AND IT WAS HELPFUL WITH RUNNING, IT WAS 4:00 IN THE MORNING AND I COULD NOT GET BACK TO SLEEP.

I HAD THE COFFEE AT 8:00 IN THE MORNING.

IT WAS AMAZING BECAUSE IT TOOK SO LONG TO GET OUT OF MY BODY.

WHAT ABOUT NAPS?

>> NAPS CAN BE USEFUL.

SOMETIMES NAPS ARE A SIGN OF A PROBLEM IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS IT MEANS THEY'RE SLEEP DEPRIVED.

BUT WHAT ABOUT AN ADOLESCENT CAN'T GET THE SEVEN TO EIGHT HOURS RECOMMENDED AS KATIE SAID, THEN I THINK COMPENSATION BY TAKING SHORT NAP IS A MUST OTHERWISE THEY WILL SUFFER FROM CONSEQUENCES OF SLEEP DEPRIVATION.

WE DO RECOMMEND GET ENOUGH SLEEP BUT HAVING A SHORT NAP, 30, 45 MINUTES AFTER SCHOOL, DOESN'T HAVE A LOT OF-- THE SCHEDULE IS VERY BUSY AND THE SCHOOL GOES AGAINST THEM WITH THE START TIME.

SO THEY DON'T GET THE CHANCE >> YEAH, YOU WANT TO BREAK THE LINK PSYCHOLOGICALLY BETWEEN BEING IN BED AND BEING AWAKE.

SO INSTEAD THE BED IS THE PLATES TO SLEEP-- IS THE PLACE TO SLEEP.

YOU ARE TALKING ABOUT A NUMBER OF THINGS THAT ARE GOOD FOR SLEEP.

COOL, DARK, QUIET.

DON'T DO ANYTHING ELSE IN BED OTHER THAN SLEEP.

ARE THERE THINGS BESIDES THAT?

>> I ECHO THIS BECAUSE I'M A PEDIATRIC SLEEP SPECIALIST, I LIKE THIS TO START FROM EARLY, IF YOU SAID LIKE WHAT MAKES US SLEEP IS TO TEACH CHILDREN FROM YOUNG AGE GOOD HEALTHY SLEEP HABITS AND TYPICALLY THE COACHING OF GOOD SLEEP START IN INFANT LIKE SIX MONTHS OF AGE.

>> INFANTS SIX MONTHS.

SO THE PARENTS WORK ON THEM LEARNING TO SPEAK AND LEARNING TO WALK ALSO TEACHING THEM HOW TO FALL ASLEEP ON THEIR OWN.

>> SLEEP TRAINING.

>> EXACTLY.

>> SO TRAINING A BABY WHO IS SIX MONTHS OF AGE TIME TO SOOTHE YOURSELF TO SLEEP.

>> YOU SOOTHE YOURSELF.

YOU CALM DOWN AND PUT YOURSELF TO SLEEP.

HAVE I THREE GRANDKIDS, 4, 2 AND 2.

WHEN THEY WERE SIX MONTHS OLD, MY KIDS DID THAT WITH THEIR KIDS THEY WENT FROM WAKING UP THREE OR FOUR OR FIVE TIMES A NIGHT TO SLEEPING 10 TO 12 HOURS AND IT WAS LIKE, WHOA.

GUESS WHO FELT THE BEST.

THE PARENTS BECAUSE THEY DO GET MORE SLEEP.

>> THE TRAINING WILL GO ON WITH THEM.

THE TRAINING GOES ON ALL THEIR LIFE.

>> ADDITIONAL CHALLENGES FOR TEENAGERS?

>> SO ONE OF THE BIG CHALLENGES WITH TEENAGERS IS THEY'RE AT A POINT IN TIME OF DEVELOPMENT WHERE THEIR BIOLOGICAL CLOCK SHIFTS, THEIR CIRCADIAN RHYTHM SHIFTS SO THEY WANT TO BE UP LATER AND SLEEP LATER AND THAT'S NATURAL BIOLOGICALLY.

IT IS IMPORTANT FOR PARENTS TO RECOGNIZE THAT AND NOT THINK THAT THEIR KIDS ARE BEING DIFFICULT OR CHALLENGING.

IT'S THEIR BODY WANTING TO DO THAT.

AND THAT GOING BACK TO THIS ISSUE OF NAPS, ANOTHER KIND OF EXTENSION OF THAT IS WEEKEND CATCH-UP SLEEP AND THE IDEA THAT YOU CAN GET A LITTLE BIT OF SLEEP OVER THE WEEKEND, ADDITIONAL SLEEP OVER THE WEEKEND, MAYBE AN HOUR OR TWO TO CATCH UP ON SLEEP THAT YOU MISS DURING THE WEEK.

IDEALLY WE WANT THE SLEEP HYGIENE TO BE GOOD ENOUGH THAT YOU DON'T NEED THAT.

THAT YOU ARE GETTING THE SLEEP THAT YOU NEED DURING THE WEEK BUT JUST LIKE NAPS, IF YOU HAVE TO, THAT CAN BE GOOD.

>> GET SOME GOOD WEEKEND CATCH-UP SLEEP.

>> JUST A LITTLE.

AN HOUR OR TWO.

IF IT'S TOO MUCH, THAT CAN BECOME PROBLEMATIC AS WELL.

>> SO WHAT IF NONE OF THIS WORKS FOR KIDS OR ADULTS?

WHAT DO YOU DO THEN?

>> OKAY, SO THAT IS PRIMARY INNOME NAH, AN INDIVIDUAL WILL HAVE A HARD TIME FALLING AND MAINTAINING SLEEP.

THIS NEEDS TO BE GOING ESCALATED TO SEE THE PERSON PROVIDER, IS IT JUST PRIMARY INSOMNIA AND AT THAT POINT THERE ARE THERAPIES, BEHAVIORAL THERAPY FOR-- >> COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL THERAPY FOR INSOMNIA.

>> WHICH IS SLEEP HYGIENE AND SOME OTHER MANEUVERS; FOR EXAMPLE, IF YOU WAKE UP AND YOU CANNOT FALL BACK TO SLEEP, JUST LEAVE THE BEDROOM.

DO NOT I THINK, AS KATIE MENTIONED, DO NOT ASSOCIATE THE BEDROOM WITH ANY PROBLEM.

STAY AWAY FROM THE BEDROOM AND LEAVE THE BEDROOM.

>> GO GET BORED AND COME BACK TO SLEEP.

>> EXACTLY AND AMONG OTHER METHODS TO DO.

THAT'S ONE THING THE HEALTHCARE PROVIDER WILL DO.

SECOND THING THE HEALTHCARE PROVIDER WILL SCREEN WHETHER THERE IS HEALTH ISSUE CAUSING THIS.

SOME PATIENTS, FOR EXAMPLE, HAVE SEVERE ALLERGIES AND THEY CANNOT SLEEP BECAUSE THEIR NOSE IS BLOCKED OR ITCH BECAUSE OF THE ECZEMA.

>> ARE THESE THE KINDS OF THINGS THAT YOU WOULD ASSESS IN YOUR SLEEP LAB OR SLEEP STUDY CENTER?

>> YES, THESE CANNOT BE DIAGNOSED IN THE CLINIC.

>> SO ACTUALLY OUR "CYCLE OF HEALTH" TEAM VISITED THE UPSTATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY SLEEP CENTER TO LEARN ABOUT WHAT SLEEP STUDIES ARE ALL ABOUT.

LET'S TAKE A LOOK.

>> WE ARE HERE AT THE UPSTATE SLEEP CENTER TO SEE WHAT A SLEEP LAB TEST LOOKS LIKE.

LET'S GO ON IN.

I'M GOING TO BRING YOU DOWN TO YOUR ROOM.

HAVE YOU CHANGE.

>> MY P.J.s.

OKEYDOKE.

>> WHEN YOU ARE READY, JUST COME OUT AND SIT IN THE CHAIR AND OPEN UP THE DOOR AND I'LL COME AND GET YOU.

>> AIM GOING TO PUT SOME WARES ON YOUR HEAD TO DOCUMENT YOUR BRAIN WAIVES.

THEY TELL WHEN YOU ARE AWAKE AND WHEN YOU ARE SLEEPING.

>> ACTUALLY WE WILL PROVE ONE WAY OR ANOTHER WHETHER YOU HAVE A FUNCTIONING BRAIN OR NOT.

EVERY ONE OF THESE GOES INTO A SPECIFIC SPOT AND THEY'RE ALL LABELED DEPENDING ON WHAT PART BRAIN THEY'RE GOING O. EVERYTHING WILL CONNECT INTO THIS BOX.

WHEN I PUT YOU TO BED, THIS WILL COME OFF OF YOUR NECK.

PLUG INTO THE COMPUTER AND JUST BE ON THE BED NEXT TO YOU.

>> OKAY.

>> SO THIS ONE IS GOING TO GO JUST ABEFORE JUST ABOVE THE EYE.

THE EYES MAKE DIFFERENT MOVEMENTS WHILE YOU SLEEP AND THIS SHOWS THE DOCTOR.

>> SO FAR THIS FEELS A LOT LIKE GOING TO THE HAIR DRESSER.

VERY WEIRD HAIR DRESSER.

>> UNFORTUNATELY IT WILL LOOK NOTHING LIKE GOING TO THE HAIR DRESSER BY THE TIME YOU ARE DONE AND THEN THERE ARE A COUPLE THAT GO ON THE CHIN AND WHAT THEY DO IS THEY ACTUALLY SHOW THE DOCTOR YOUR MUSCLE TONE.

INTERESTINGLY ENOUGH THERE ARE FOUR PARTS OF SLEEP.

WHEN YOU COME OUT OF THE DEEPER SLEEP, WHICH IS REAM, YOU ARE SUPPOSED TO WAKE UP.

SO FOR A PERSON WHO IS SLEEPING NORMALLY, THEY GO INTO THAT EVERY 90 MINUTES.

SO WHEN PEOPLE ARE STOPPING BREATHING, WHAT ACTUALLY HAPPENS IS THE MUSCLES FROM THE BACK OF THE THROAT DOWN TO THE LUNGS RELAX AND CLOSE AND WHEN THEY RELAX AND CLOSE, THEY STOP THE AIR FROM GETTING THROUGH.

SO AFTER A WHILE, THE BRAIN ACTUALLY REALIZES THAT YOU ARE NOT BREATHING AND COZ SAYS WE SHOULD PROBABLY BREATHE BECAUSE THAT'S A GOOD THING.

AND WHAT WILL HAPPEN IS THE BRAIN WILL ACTUALLY HAVE WHAT WE CALL AN AROUSAL AND IT WILL BE JUST A FEW SECONDS WHEN.

WHEN THE BRAIN BREAKS UP FOR THE COUPLE OF SECONDS THEY OPEN THOSE MUSCLES BACK UP AND THE PERSON STARTS BREATHING AGAIN.

THE OXYGEN LEVEL COMES UP.

THE HEART SLOWS BACK DOWN AND UNFORTUNATELY FOR THOSE PEOPLE, IT HAPPENS OVER AND OVER AND OVER.

AND BECAUSE OF THAT, THAT'S WHY THE PEOPLE FEEL TIRED IS BECAUSE THEIR BRAIN DOESN'T GET TO GO THROUGH ALL THOSE DIFFERENT PARTS OF SLEEP LIKE IT'S SUPPOSED TO.

THIS IS GOING TO GO AROUND YOUR NECK.

BASICALLY YOU ARE A DOORING A LEASH AT THIS POINT: THERE WILL BE TWO BELTS.

THEY SHOW THE BREATHING MUSCLES ACTUALLY MOVING.

THERE ARE TWO DIFFERENT KINDS OF APNEA.

OBSTRUCTIVE APNEA IS WHERE THE MUSCLES CLOSE AND THAT'S THE ONE THAT PEOPLE TYPICALLY HAVE.

AND THERE IS OUGHTS APNEA CALLED CENTRAL APNEA WHERE THE BRAIN ISN'T TELLING THE PERSON TO BREATHE AND WHEN PEOPLE HAVE THAT, NONE OF THE MUSCLES MOVE BECAUSE THE BRAIN ISN'T TELLING THE MUSCLES TO MOVE.

SO WHAT I'M GOING TO DO IS PUT ONE OF THESE MASKS ON YOUR FACE.

IT CONNECTS TO A MACHINE THAT PUSHES AIR THROUGH IT.

AND WHAT WE DO FROM THE OTHER ROOM IS WE INCREASE THE AMOUNT OF AIR UNTIL WE FIND THE RIGHT AMOUNT TO KEEP YOU BREATHING AND ELIMINATE ALL YOUR SNORING.

>> CAN SOMEBODY READ ME "GOOD NIGHT MOON" SO THE MASK GOES OVER THE MOUTH AND THE NOSE.

SNUG ENOUGH THAT THE MASK DOESN'T LEAK ANY OF THE AIR.

>> I FEEL A LITTLE LIKE DARTH VADER.

>> YOU LOOK A LITTLE LIKE DARTH VADER.

EVERYONE WHO WEARS ONE DOES.

SO YOU CAN GO AHEAD AND GO TO SLEEP.

>> OKAY, I'LL GIVE IT A TRY.

THIS WAS SURPRISINGLY EASY FOR ME AND I DIDN'T THINK I WAS GOING TO BE ABLE TO GO TO SLEEP.

BUT IT WAS OKAY.

THE WHOLE THING ACTUALLY, EVEN THE MASK.

IT'S A LITTLE WEIRD, BUT IT'S NOT SCARY.

>> ACTUALLY, MOST PEOPLE HAVE A MUCH EASIER TIME THAN THEY EVER IMAGINE THAT THEY WILL.

ONCE YOU GO TO SLEEP, FOR MOST PEOPLE.

IT'S NO DIFFERENT P IF THEY WERE AT HOME.

>> A LOT OF PEOPLE GET A C CPAP AND THEN STOP USING IT.

>> WHEN WE FIRST TREATING YOU AND YOU GET ONE AT HOME, YOU HAVE TO FIND ONE THAT IS COMFORTABLE AND DOESN'T LEAK.

IF IT DOESN'T FIT CORRECTLY AND IT'S LEAKING, IT COULD BE SO ANNOYING THEY TAKE IT OFF.

>> WHAT IS THE C DPLT PAN MASK DO FOR YOU.

>> IT ALLOWS YOU TO REMAIN SLEEPING WHICH ALLOWS TO YOU GO THROUGH THE DIFFERENT PARTS OF SLEEP THE WAY THAT YOU ARE SUPPOSED TO.

IT TAKES A LOT OF STRESS OFF THE HEART.

NOT ONLY DOES IT HELP WITH THE HEART BUT THE DEEP SLEEP IS WHEN THE HORMONES RESET.

A LOT OF THE PEOPLE WHO HAVE SLEEP APNEA WILL HAVE THINGS LIKE DIABETES AND OTHER DISEASES BECAUSE THE HORMONES ARE NOT ABLE TO RESET THE WAY THEY SHOULD.

>> AND HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE IS ANOTHER BIG ONE.

A LOT OF THAT IS TAKEN CARE OF ONCE YOU ARE GETTING THE CORRECT AMOUNT OF DEEP SLEEP.

>> YOU SLEEP BETTER AND LIFE GETS BETTER.

YOU.

>> GET THE CORRECT AMOUNT OF DEEP SLEEP AND YOU FEEL A LOT MORE RESTED.

>> THAT'S GREAT.

SO, AS WE SAW IN THE SLEEP CENTER THEY SOMETIMES USE A CPAP MACHINE.

TELL US ABOUT THOSE.

DO THEY WORK AND ARE THEY HARD TO USE?

>> THEY DO WORK.

IF WE FIRST IGNORE SLEEP APNEA, NOT BREATHING WELL WHILE ASLEEP, OVERWHELMING MAJORITY OF ADULTS, THE WAY TO TREAT IT IS BY USING THIS MACHINE.

AND AS WE SAW ON THE VIDEO, THIS IS A MASK YOU WEAR ON YOUR NOSE OR NOSE AND MOUTH AND BLOW LIKE AN OCEAN BREEZE, HUMIDIFIED AIR AND PUSHES THE TONGUE OUT OF THE WAY WHILE WE ARE ASLEEP AND WE CAN BREATHE BETTER.

>> ANY LAST WORDS FROM OUR PANELISTS?

>> SO WE TALKED QUITE A BIT ABOUT INDIVIDUAL LEVEL INTERVENTIONS BUT THERE ARE THINGS THAT CAN BE DONE AT THE COMMUNITY OR POLICY LEVEL THAT IMPROVE SLEEP HYGIENE AS WELL.

SO WE TALKED ABOUT THE CHALLENGES OF THE SLEEP TIMING FOR TEENAGERS.

WELL, THERE ARE EXAMPLES ACROSS THE COUNTRY OF SCHOOLS THAT START HIGH SCHOOL A LITTLE LATER IN THE MORNING TO BETTER ALIGN WITH STUDENTS NEED FOR SLEEP.

>> YOU GET THE LAST WORD INDICATE AGREE SLEEP IS FOUNDATIONAL FOR EVERYTHING THAT WE DO.

WE NEED ADEQUATE SLEEP TO HAVE GOOD MENTAL HEALTH AND GOOD PHYSICAL HEALTH.

>> SO WE NEED TO GET SOME Zs.

BEFORE WE WRAP OUR SHOW TODAY, IT'S TIME FOR OUR MEDICAL STUDENT MINUTE.

THIS WEEK Mr.

SHERVIN RAZAVI EXPLAINS HOW GOOD SLEEP MIGHT REDUCE ALZHEIMER'S RISK.

LET'S TAKE A LOOK.

>> HI, I'M SHERVIN RAZAVI AND I'M THE Ph.D.

STUDENT AT UPSTATE NORTON COLLEGE OF MEDICINE.

HERE WAS MY MEDICAL STUDENT MINUTE.

ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE IS THE MOST COMMON TYPE OF DEMENTIA, AFFECTING MORE THAN *6 MILLION PEOPLE IN THE U.S.

IT IS PROGRESSIVE AND FATAL, WITH FOLKS LOSING COGNITIVE ABILITIESES GRADUALLY OVER YEARS TO DECADES.

ALZHEIMER'S IS HEAVILY ASSOCIATED WITH AMYLOID PLAQUE, AMYLOID IS ABNORMAL PROTEIN CLUSTERS IN THE BRAIN.

THERE IS DEBATE IF AMYLOID CAUSES ALZHEIMER'S BUT IT IS A FACT IT IS A HIGHLY OBSERVED CHANGE SEEN IN BRAINS WITH ALZHEIMER'S.

I LIKE TO THINK OF AMYLOID PLAQUE AS BLACK HOLES IN THE BRAIN THAT DESTROY NEARBY NEURAL CONNECTIONS.

SLEEP CLEARS AMYLOID FROM THE BRAIN WHICH COULD PROTECT US FROM ALZHEIMER'S.

AS WE ALL KNOW THOUGH, CORRELATION DOES NOT ALWAYS MEAN CAUSATION.

WE ALSO KNOW THAT ENOUGH SLEEP IS GOOD FOR OVERALL MENTAL HEALTH AND PHYSICAL HEALTH.

HELPING WITH MOOD, CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH AND WEIGHT MANAGEMENT.

SO, CATCH THOSE Zs.

I'M SHERVIN RAZAVI AND THIS IS MY MEDICAL STUDENT MINUTE.

>> THAT'S ALL THE TIME WE HAVE.

I WANT TO THANK OUR GUESTS Dr.

JASON CARBONE, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF PUBLIC HEALTH AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AT UPSTATE.

Dr.

KATIE KIDWELL, ASSISTANT PROF OF PSYCHOLOGY AT S.U.

AND Dr.

ZAFER SOULTAN, DIRECTOR OF UPSTATE SLEEP CENTER.

TO HEAR OUR COMPANION COMMUNITY FM RADIO SHOW, CHECKUP FROM THE NECK-UP VISIT WCNY.ORG/COMMUNITYFM AND IF YOU WANT TO REVISIT THIS EPISODE AND PAST SEASONS VISIT WCNY.ORG/"CYCLE OF HEALTH" OR MY WEBSITE Dr.

NECK-UP.ORG.

FOR "CYCLE OF HEALTH."

I'M Dr.

NECK-UP PSYCHOLOGIST Dr.

RICH O'NEILL.

NOW TURN OFF THE SCREENS AND GET?

ZS.

SEE YOU NEXT WEEK.

♪ ♪ ON THE SEASON FINALE OF "CYCLE OF HEALTH," Dr.

RICH AND COMPANY DISCUSS HOW PATIENTS AND DOCTORS CAN WORK TOGETHER TO PREVENT MEDICAL MISUNDERSTANDINGS.

THEN, WE VISIT THE NEW SIMULATION LAB AT SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY WHERE SPEECH PATHOLOGY STUDENTS ARE PRACTICING REAL WORLD CLINICAL SKILLS.

AND ON THE NEXT MEDICAL STUDENT MINUTE, EXPLAINING THAT SOMETIMES THE BEST CARE MEANS GIVING PATIENTS CONTROL OVER THEIR BODY.

THAT'S COMING UP ON "CYCLE OF HEALTH."

THIS PROGRAM IS BROUGHT TO YOU BY THE MEMBERS OF WCNY, THANK YOU.

>> CANCER, IT'S NOT JUST A DIAGNOSIS.

IT'S A COMPLEX OPPONENT, ONE THAT CAN ALTER THE COURSE OF YOUR LIFE, EVERY MOVE, EVERY DECISION HOLDS TREMENDOUS WEIGHT.

ST.

JOSEPH'S HEALTH HAS PARTNERED WITH ROSWELL PARK, THE REGION'S ONLY DESIGNATED COMPREHENSIVE CANCER CENTER TO OFFER YOU ACCESS TO PERSONALIZED THERAPIES AND LEADING